See -x on Wiktionary
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],
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],
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[
"x",
"x#English:_quantity"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:value"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-x"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Gender",
"en:Non-binary"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "The letter x is prototypically pronounced [ks] in English; it therefore serves as a convenient shorthand for the digraphs (cs, ks, etc.) or trigraphs (cks etc.) that would otherwise represent that consonant cluster.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-x",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-x",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-z"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English informal terms",
"English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
4
],
[
20,
21
],
[
36,
37
],
[
52,
53
],
[
67,
68
],
[
82,
83
],
[
97,
98
],
[
113,
114
],
[
129,
130
],
[
145,
146
],
[
161,
162
],
[
179,
180
]
],
"text": "blax (“blacks”), clox (“clocks”), fax (“facts”), folx (“folks”), hax (“hacks”), pix (“pics”), punx (“punks”), snax (“snacks”), sox (“socks”), stix (“sticks”), tix (“tickets”), trax (“tracks”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to replace a /ks/ sound, especially in monosyllabic words ending in -cks or -ks."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly US, informal) Used to replace a /ks/ sound, especially in monosyllabic words ending in -cks or -ks."
],
"senseid": [
"en:ks-sound"
],
"tags": [
"US",
"informal",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ks/"
}
],
"word": "-x"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Gender",
"en:Non-binary"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "recipe"
},
"expansion": "Latin recipe",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-x",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-x",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
1,
2
],
[
21,
22
],
[
38,
39
],
[
55,
56
],
[
73,
74
],
[
89,
90
]
],
"text": "Dx (“diagnosis”), elex (“election”), Hx (“history”), pax (“passenger”), RX (“receive”), TX (“transmit”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An abbreviation marker."
],
"senseid": [
"en:abbreviation"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-x"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Gender",
"en:Non-binary"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "From the use of x as a neutral or nonspecific placeholder.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-x",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-x",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "x"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English neologisms"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "alumnx, Chicanx, Latinx"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to replace a gendered suffix."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(neologism) Used to replace a gendered suffix."
],
"senseid": [
"en:gender-neutral"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neologism"
]
}
],
"word": "-x"
}
{
"categories": [
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French gender-neutral suffixes",
"French lemmas",
"French noun-forming suffixes",
"French nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"French suffixes",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "voyeul",
"4": "voyeus",
"t": "vowel"
},
"expansion": "Old French voyeus (“vowel”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a medieval ligature for -us, which looked similar to the letter x and was ultimately treated as identical to it. Thus Old French voyeus (“vowel”) was also spelt voyex, for instance. Later on the u was reinserted before the -x and this latter thus became an alternative spelling of -s in said position.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-x",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-x",
"name": "fr-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-s"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
9,
10
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
12
]
],
"english": "god → gods",
"text": "dieu → dieux",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
11,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
14
]
],
"english": "core → cores",
"text": "noyau → noyaux",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
15,
16
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
16
]
],
"english": "Hebrew → Hebrews",
"text": "hébreu → hébreux",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the regular plurals of nouns and adjectives in -au and -eu."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
10
]
],
"english": "louse → lice",
"text": "pou → poux",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the irregular plurals of a few nouns in -ou (which regularly add -s)."
],
"links": [
[
"-s",
"-s#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "/z‿/"
}
],
"word": "-x"
}
{
"categories": [
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French gender-neutral suffixes",
"French lemmas",
"French noun-forming suffixes",
"French nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"French suffixes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-x gender-neutral",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-x",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-xs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-z",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gneut",
"2": "-x",
"3": "-xs",
"4": "-z"
},
"expansion": "-x gender-neutral (plural -x or -xs or -z)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French gender-neutral terms",
"French neologisms",
"French nonstandard terms"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "étudiant + -x → étudianx"
},
{
"text": "ami + -x → amix"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the gender-neutral of adjectives and nouns"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(neologism, gender-neutral, nonstandard) forms the gender-neutral of adjectives and nouns"
],
"tags": [
"gender-neutral",
"morpheme",
"neologism",
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ks/"
},
{
"ipa": "/s/"
}
],
"word": "-x"
}
{
"categories": [
"Maltese entries with incorrect language header",
"Maltese lemmas",
"Maltese suffixes",
"Maltese terms derived from Arabic",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "ar",
"3": "شَيْء",
"4": "",
"5": "thing"
},
"expansion": "Arabic شَيْء (šayʔ, “thing”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Arabic شَيْء (šayʔ, “thing”). The same negation suffix is found in most North African and some Levantine dialects of Arabic.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-x",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Maltese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
19,
22
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
19
]
],
"english": "he writes → he doesn’t write",
"text": "jikteb → ma jiktibx",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used together with the particle ma to negate verbs and adverbs"
],
"links": [
[
"ma",
"ma#Maltese"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Maltese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
12,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
16
],
[
30,
31
]
],
"english": "you write → don't write",
"text": "tikteb → tiktibx or: la tiktibx",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used on its own or with the particle la to express a negated imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"la",
"la#Maltese"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-x"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "en",
"3": "-x",
"id": "gender-neutral"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English -x",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English -x.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-x",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-x",
"name": "pt-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese proscribed terms",
"Portuguese suffixes",
"Portuguese terms borrowed from English",
"Portuguese terms derived from English",
"Portuguese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
10
]
],
"english": "We are all one.",
"text": "Somos todxs um.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a gender-neutral, normally not pronounced suffix that replaces -o and -a in nouns, adjectives and pronouns"
],
"links": [
[
"-o",
"-o#Portuguese"
],
[
"-a",
"-a#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now chiefly proscribed) a gender-neutral, normally not pronounced suffix that replaces -o and -a in nouns, adjectives and pronouns"
],
"senseid": [
"pt:gender-neutral"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-e"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"proscribed"
]
}
],
"word": "-x"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bbl",
"2": "-ხ"
},
"expansion": "Bats: -ხ (-x)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bats: -ხ (-x)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Vainakh:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ce",
"2": "-х"
},
"expansion": "Chechen: -х (-x)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chechen: -х (-x)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inh",
"2": "-х"
},
"expansion": "Ingush: -х (-x)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingush: -х (-x)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-x",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Nakh",
"lang_code": "cau-nkh-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Nakh/-x",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Nakh entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Nakh lemmas",
"Proto-Nakh suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"The lative marker."
],
"links": [
[
"lative",
"lative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-x"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "-x gender-neutral",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-xs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gneut"
},
"expansion": "-x gender-neutral (noun-forming suffix, plural -xs)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Spanish countable suffixes",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish gender-neutral suffixes",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish neologisms",
"Spanish nonstandard terms",
"Spanish noun-forming suffixes",
"Spanish suffixes",
"Spanish suffixes with red links in their headword lines"
],
"glosses": [
"a gender-neutral suffix that replaces -o and -a in nouns, adjectives and pronouns"
],
"links": [
[
"-o",
"-o#Spanish"
],
[
"-a",
"-a#Spanish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nonstandard, neologism) a gender-neutral suffix that replaces -o and -a in nouns, adjectives and pronouns"
],
"senseid": [
"es:gender-neutral"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neologism",
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"word": "-x"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -x meaning in All languages combined (12.5kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-x"
],
"section": "Spanish",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-x",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (89e900c and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.